直升機飛行員手冊直升機操作手冊 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

時間：2011-04-05 11:37來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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soaked wings
Above 0 0:18 – 0:45 0:12 – 0:30 0:06 – 0:15 0:02 – 0:05 0:06 – 0:15
0 to –7 0:18 – 0:45 0:06 – 0:15 0:06 – 0:15 0:01 – 0:03 N/A
below –7 0:12 – 0:30 0:06 – 0:15 0:06 – 0:15 N/A N/A

Source: International Standards Organisation (ISO) 11076:1993(E) Table 3

Type II
Approx holdover times anticipated under various conditions (hours:minutes)
OAT (°C) undil fluid/water Frost Freezing Snow Freezing Rain cold
Fog Rain soaked wings
above 0 100/0 12:00 1:15–3:00 0:25–1:00 0:08–0:20 0:24–1:00
75/25 6:00 0:50–2:00 0:20–0:45 0:04–0:10 0:18–0:45
50/50 4:00 0:35–1:30 0:15–0:30 0:02–0:05 0:12–0:30
0 100/0 8:00 0:35–1:30 0:20–0:45 0:08–0:20 N/A
0 to –7 75/25 5:00 0:25–1:00 0:15–0:30 0:04–0:10 N/A
50/50 3:00 0:20–0:45 0:05–0:15 0:01–0:03 N/A
–7 to –14 100/0 8:00 0:35–1:30 0:20–0:45 N/A N/A
75/25 5:00 0:25–1:00 0:15–0:30 N/A N/A
–14 to –25 100/0 8:00 0:35–1:30 0:20–0:45 N/A N/A

Source: International Standards Organisation (ISO) 11076:1993(E) Table 4
Notes: Under extreme conditions, heat the neat fluid (60°C max) for sprayability. No significant increase is achieved with a stronger mix of type 1. Kilfrost is normally mixed 50/50 or 60/40. The Freezing Rain columns have been replaced in some countries with Light Freezing Rain and Freezing Drizzle.

A
accident, 54, 105
Aerial Application, 38
Aerial Work, 21, 83
aerofoil, 12
aeroplanes, 130
AFFF, 52
Air Ambulance, 49
Air Cadets, 53
Air Operator's Certificate, 40
Air Taxi, 183
Air Testing, 85
air to ground communications, 21
Air Transport Licence, 58
airmanship, 54, 106
airspeed, 13, 29, 30, 60, 65, 66, 68, 69, 119, 121
alcohol, 78
altimeters, 76
Ambulance Taxi Transport, 49
angle of attack, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18
animals, 59
ANO, 20, 91, 104, 110, 113
AOC, 58
APU, 126
AStar, 127
ATC, 61, 94, 99, 103
ATPL, 2, 5
ATT, 49, 50